What's Up, Tiger Lily?, a 1966 comedy film, is the first film directed by Woody Allen, who also wrote and appeared in it. Allen took International Secret Police: A Barrel of Gunpowder and International Secret Police: Key of Keys, two in a series of Japanese spy films and overdubbed them with completely original dialogue that had nothing to do with the plot of the original films. By putting in new scenes and rearranging the order of existing scenes, he completely changed the tone of the films from a James Bond clone into a comedy about the search for the world's best egg salad recipe.

Louise Lasser, who was married to Allen at the time, served as one of the voice actors for the "new" dialogue soundtrack, as did Mickey Rose, Allen's writing partner on Take The Money and Run and Bananas.

During post-production, musical numbers by the band The Lovin' Spoonful were spliced into the movie against Woody Allen's wishes. This helped convince Allen that he should secure creative control for all his future projects. The band released a soundtrack album.

Replacing a foreign movie's soundtrack for comic effect has been used in numerous television shows and movies. Fractured Flickers, which predated Tiger Lily, dubbed silent films with comedic dialogue. Can Dialectics Break Bricks? was a political re-dubbing of a Chinese martial arts film produced in 1973 by the French director René Viénet of the Situationist International. A group called "The L.A. Connection" also dubbed silent films with comedic dialogue in the 1970s and 80s in live shows and led to a show called Mad Movies with the L.A. Connection. The Japanese overdubbing idea was used in the American version of Takeshi's Castle, which was released in the USA as MXC. Three examples of more recent films directly influenced by the cinematic methods used in What's Up Tiger Lily? are: Ferocious Female Freedom Fighters (1982), What's Up, Hideous Sun Demon (1983), A Man Called... Rainbo (1990) and Kung Pow! Enter the Fist (2002).